English Practice Sec 3

Posted on by  admin

This list of vocabulary words is arranged in five sections of 20 words each to make study and practice easier. Each list is followed by links to pages that explain or practice many of its words. Direct links to each section of the list:

  1. English Practice Sec 3 Day
  2. Sec 3 Trigonometry
  3. English Practice Sec 3 2

• Section 1: Start with these Thinking Words

• Section 2: Academic Writing Vocabulary

• Section 3: Persuasive Words

Using plain English and filing documents with the SEC that others can study, use, and improve upon. With the SEC’s plain English rules in place, every prospectus will have its cover page, summary, and risk factors in plain English. The benefits of plain English abound. Investors will be more likely to. Figure1 Primary Occupation of Public Transportation Passengers in US Cities employed outside the home 72% unemployed 6.4% 10.7% student homemaker 2.0% retired.

• Section 4: Adjectives and Adverbs

• Section 5: More Useful Vocabulary

Learning these words (along with basic English vocabulary) will help you to understand more of what you read with only occasional use of a dictionary.

That’s essential for comprehension, so you don’t lose the thought you’ve just read while constantly looking up words you don’t know.

Even the small number of academic vocabulary words on this list (100 word “families”, or over 200 words counting all the most common forms) can help you get closer to the level you need. That’s the main focus of this site, and this page in particular.

There are of course many more words you will need to understand to do serious academic or professional work in English (and you can also practice many of the others on EnglishHints). However, this list of vocabulary words is an excellent place to start.

It’s based not only on my own experience (as a student, reader, and teacher), but also on lists made by several other teachers and researchers.

Note that many of these words have been used so much that they have developed more than one use or meaning. It’s important to notice how they are used, as you read, and not just memorize a simple definition. Vocabulary.com is very good for giving the different senses of words, as well as lots of examples of their use in sentences.

See especially the 100 words on the Academic Vocabulary Toolkit list— somewhat different than this list (especially since she counts each form or part of speech separately) —but well worth the study. If you only have time for one sub-list of 10 words, try list 3 (see list intro-- 'Read More'-- for links to the 10 sub-lists).

You will already know many of these words. Learn the others with the help of the links on this page, and you’ll be well on your way to reading whatever you need to in English!

Section1: Start with These Thinking Words

Note: Each word family begins with the verb (vb.), if it has one, followed by its noun (n.) or nouns, and common adjective(s) (adj.) or adverbs (adv.), if any. Only commonly used forms are listed.

Spellings are American, when British spellings differ (analyze vs. analyse, etc.) Both American and British spellings should be acceptable anywhere.

  1. analyze (vb.), analysis (n.) & analyst (n.- person), analytical (adj.), analytically (adv.)
  2. assess (vb.), assessment or assessor (ns.)
  3. assume (vb.), assumption (n.)
  4. categorize (vb.), category (n.)
  5. conclude (vb.), conclusion (n.), conclusive (adj.), conclusively (adv.)
  6. consider (vb.), consideration (n.), considerable (adj.)
  7. context (n.), contextual (adj.)
  8. determine (vb.), determination (n.), determined (adj.)
  9. evaluate (vb.), evaluation (n.)
  10. evidence (n.), evident (adj.), evidently (adv.)
  11. examine (vb.), examination (n.)
  12. factor (vb. or n.)
  13. hypothesis (n., plural: hypotheses), hypothetical (adj.)
  14. identify (vb.), identification and identity (ns.)
  15. infer (vb.), inference (n.)
  16. intend (vb.), intention (n.), intentional (adj.), intentionally (adv.)
  17. predict (vb.), prediction (n.) predictable & unpredictable (adjs.) , predictably (adv.)
  18. rely (vb.), reliance (n.), reliable (adj.), unreliable (adjs)
  19. select (vb.), selection (n.), selective (adj.), selectively (adv.)
  20. solve (vb.), solution (n.)

You can practice most of these words in the Investigations Crossword. (answers here) and Scientific Method Vocabulary. If you already know most of the 100 words on this priority vocabulary list, the other words taught and mentioned in Scientific Method Vocabulary and the other pages linked from this page are also worth learning.

Many of these first words are also used in the explanations on the Improve Reading Skills page, and all are included in the flashcards and games for this Quizlet List. (I like the matching game best, but Gravity is also challenging!)

You can also practice them (along with the words in section 3) in a word search puzzle. (Its answers are here.)

Section 2: Academic Writing Vocabulary

  1. compare (vb.), comparison (n.), comparable & comparative (adjs.)
  2. connect (vb.), connection (n.), connected (adj.)
  3. contrast (vb.or n.*), contrasting (adj.)
  4. define (vb.), definition (n.)
  5. demonstrate (vb.), demonstration (n.), demonstrative (adj.)
  6. describe (vb.), description (n.), descriptive (adj.)
  7. develop (vb.), development (n.), developed, developing, undeveloped (adjs.)
  8. emphasize (vb.), emphasis (n.), emphatic (adj.), emphatically (adv.)
  9. explain (vb.), explanation (n)
  10. illustrate (vb.), illustration (n.), illustrated (adj.)
  11. imply (vb.), implication (n.)
  12. indicate (vb.), indication (n.), indicative (adj.)
  13. interpret (vb.), interpretation (n.), interpretative (adj.)
  14. introduce (vb.), introduction (n.), introductory (adj.)
  15. purpose (n.), purposeful (adj.)
  16. quote (vb. or n.), quotation (n.), quotable (adj.)
  17. suggest (vb.), suggestion (n.), suggestible or suggestive (adjs.)
  18. summarize (vb.), summary (n.)
  19. topic (n.), topical (adj.)
  20. transition (n.), transitional (adj.)

*Often (though not always) if a word is used both as a noun and a verb, the noun form will have the accent (stress) on the first syllable and the verb on the second: con'-trast as a noun; con-trast' as a verb.

(Other examples: object & subject in section 3 & impact, in section 5 below: im'-pact, ob'-ject, and sub'-ject are the pronunciations of the noun forms; im-pact', ob-ject;, and sub-ject' of the verbs. The same is true for noun and verb forms of conduct, extract, increase, permit, progress, and transport, among many other words.) Cle ccleaner professional plus.

However, 'support' in section 3 has the accent on the second syllable for both noun and verb forms: sup-port'. Ben'efit in section 3 has the stress on the first syllable for both.

You can see examples of many of these 20 (and other academic) words in TOEFL or IELTS Essay Sample or Essay Organization and practice them on Writing Test Vocabulary or Online Crossword- Essential Academic Vocabulary (along with many Section 1 words.)

There's a word search puzzle to review these words (and the words in sections 3 & 5). Its answers are here.

Section 3: Persuasive Words

  1. agree (vb.), agreement (n.), agreeable (adj.); negatives are disagree, disagreement, and disagreeable
  2. argue (vb.), argument (n.), argumentative (adj.)
  3. benefit (vb. or n.), beneficial (adj.), beneficially (adv.)
  4. challenge (vb. & n.), challenging (adj.)
  5. consistent (adj.), consistently (adv.)
  6. contradict (vb.), contradiction (n.), contradictory (adj.)
  7. convincing (adj.), convincingly (adv.)
  8. issue (vb. or n.)
  9. justify (vb.), justification (n.), justifiable, justified or unjustified (adjs.), justifiably (adv.)
  10. logic (n.), logical (adj.), logically (adv.)
  11. object (vb. or noun), objective (n. or adj., with different meanings), objectively (adv.)
  12. oppose (vb.), opposition (n.), opponent (n.-person), opposed & opposing (adjs.)
  13. persuade (vb.), persuasion (n.) persuasive (adj.), persuasively (adv.)
  14. prove (vb.), proof (n.), proven (adj.)
  15. react (vb.), reaction & reactor (ns.), reactive (adj.)
  16. relevant or irrelevant (adjs.)
  17. respond (vb.), response (n.), irresponsible, responsible, & responsive (adjs.), responsibly
  18. subject (n. or less commonly a vb.), subjective (adj.), subjectively (adv.)
  19. support (vb. or n.), supporter (n.- person), supportive (adj.)
  20. valid & invalid (adjs.)

AdvertisementsSection 4: Words Used Primarily as Adjectives and Adverbs

  1. accurate (adj.), accurately (adv.)
  2. adequate, inadequate (adjs.), adequately, inadequately (advs.)
  3. alternative (adj.-- or n.), alternatively (adv.)
  4. appropriate (adj.), appropriately (adv.) or inappropriate
  5. approximate (adj. or vb.), approximately (adv.)
  6. aware (adj.)
  7. brief (adj.), briefly (adv.)
  8. crucial (adj.), crucially (adv.)
  9. essential (adj.), essentially (adv.)
  10. frequent (adj.), frequently (adv.)
  11. maximum (adj. or n.), maximal) (adj.)
  12. minimum (adj. or n.), minimal) (adj.)
  13. preceding, unprecedented (adjs)
  14. previous (adj.), previously (adv.)
  15. primary (adj.), primarily (adv.)
  16. prior (adj.)
  17. significant or insignificant (adjs.), significantly
  18. similar (adj.), similarly (adv.)
  19. specific (adj.), specifically (adv.)
  20. unique (adj.), uniquely (adv.)

Many of these have noun forms (accuracy, awareness, precedent, relevance, significance, similarity, validation & validity, and some that are less common), and a few have verb forms (alternate, convince, maximize, minimize, precede, specify), but most are not as common as the adjective or adverb forms.

Notice how commonly adjectives are formed from verbs or nouns by adding -al, -ic and -ive (as well as just by using the verb’s past or present participle—see the yellow box in Word Formation for an explanation of the difference. See also Suffix List for many non-academic examples of all these endings.)

You can practice many of these on the Adjective Opposite Matching Games pages, including especially the main page and the Thinking Adjectives page. Several are also on the page to practice Vocabulary for Achievement (along with other important vocabulary.)

Section 5:More Useful Vocabulary

  1. approach (vb. or n.), approaching ot approachable (adjs.)
  2. chart (vb. or n.), uncharted (adj.)
  3. consequence (n.), consequent or consequential (adjs.), consequently (adv.)
  4. contribute (vb.), contribution (n.)
  5. criteria (n.- plural; sing. is criterion)
  6. exclude (vb.), exclusion (n.), excluded, excluding, & exclusive (adjs.), exclusively (adv.)
  7. imagine (vb.), imagination (n.), imaginative or imaginary, unimaginable or unimaginative (adjs.)
  8. impact (vb. or n.)
  9. include (v.), inclusion (n.), included, including, & inclusive (adjs.)
  10. integrate (vb.), integration (n.), integrated (adj.)
  11. label (vb. or n.), labeled or unlabeled (adjs.)
  12. locate (vb.), location (n.), local (adj.)
  13. organize (vb.), organization (n.), organized (adj.)
  14. participate (vb.), participation (n.), participant (n.-person) participating (adj.)
  15. perspective (n.)
  16. prioritize (vb.), priority (n.)
  17. procedure (n.), procedural (adj.)
  18. require (vb.), requirement (n.), required (adj.)
  19. transform (vb.), transformation or (electrical) transformer (ns.)
  20. vary (vb.), variable, variation or variety (ns.), invariable or variable (adjs), invariably (adv.)

You can practice some of these List of Vocabulary words on the Collaborative Thinking Crossword (answers here). If you want to practice lists 2-4 with the games and flash cards on Quizlet, you can enroll in my (Mrs. Simonton’s) course there. It’s free, but you have to register. (Link to list 1 is above, after Section 1.)

Art Vocabulary explains and demonstrates a number of the words on this list & earlier ones: aspect, perspective, & symbol, as well as assumption, demonstration, explanation, illustrate, and illustration.

Free Word Search Puzzles has a number of academic vocabulary word searches. There are links to to of them at the ends of section 1 and 2, but the first also includes section 3 and the second includes all the word families in section 4. It has two more puzzles at the end of the academic section with 50 words each-- 100 more very useful words for university study or professional work.

Home> TOEFL & IELTS Vocabulary> Priority List of Vocabulary Words.

New! Comments

What do you think about what you just read? Leave me a comment in the box below.

Didn't find what youneeded? Explain what you want in the search box below.(For example, cognates, past tense practice, or 'get along with.') Click to see the related pages on EnglishHints.

advanced
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
SECTION 2.Basic rights.
SECTION 4.Freedom of speech and press.
SECTION 6.Right to work.
SECTION 8.Right to bear arms.
SECTION 10.Prohibited laws.
SECTION 12.Searches and seizures.
SECTION 14.Pretrial release and detention.
SECTION 15.Prosecution for crime; offenses committed by children.
SECTION 17.Excessive punishments.
SECTION 19.Costs.
SECTION 21.Access to courts.
SECTION 23.Right of privacy.
SECTION 24.Access to public records and meetings.
SECTION 26.Claimant’s right to fair compensation.
SECTION 1.Political power.—All political power is inherent in the people. The enunciation herein of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or impair others retained by the people.
SECTION 2.Basic rights.—All natural persons, female and male alike, are equal before the law and have inalienable rights, among which are the right to enjoy and defend life and liberty, to pursue happiness, to be rewarded for industry, and to acquire, possess and protect property. No person shall be deprived of any right because of race, religion, national origin, or physical disability.
History.—Am. S.J.R. 917, 1974; adopted 1974; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 9, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 6, 2018, filed with the Secretary of State May 9, 2018; adopted 2018.
Answers
SECTION 3.Religious freedom.—There shall be no law respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting or penalizing the free exercise thereof. Religious freedom shall not justify practices inconsistent with public morals, peace or safety. No revenue of the state or any political subdivision or agency thereof shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church, sect, or religious denomination or in aid of any sectarian institution.
SECTION 4.Freedom of speech and press.—Every person may speak, write and publish sentiments on all subjects but shall be responsible for the abuse of that right. No law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions and civil actions for defamation the truth may be given in evidence. If the matter charged as defamatory is true and was published with good motives, the party shall be acquitted or exonerated.
History.—Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 13, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
SECTION 5.Right to assemble.—The people shall have the right peaceably to assemble, to instruct their representatives, and to petition for redress of grievances.
SECTION 6.Right to work.—The right of persons to work shall not be denied or abridged on account of membership or non-membership in any labor union or labor organization. The right of employees, by and through a labor organization, to bargain collectively shall not be denied or abridged. Public employees shall not have the right to strike.
SECTION 7.Military power.—The military power shall be subordinate to the civil.
SECTION 8.Right to bear arms.—
(a) The right of the people to keep and bear arms in defense of themselves and of the lawful authority of the state shall not be infringed, except that the manner of bearing arms may be regulated by law.
(b) There shall be a mandatory period of three days, excluding weekends and legal holidays, between the purchase and delivery at retail of any handgun. For the purposes of this section, “purchase” means the transfer of money or other valuable consideration to the retailer, and “handgun” means a firearm capable of being carried and used by one hand, such as a pistol or revolver. Holders of a concealed weapon permit as prescribed in Florida law shall not be subject to the provisions of this paragraph.
(c) The legislature shall enact legislation implementing subsection (b) of this section, effective no later than December 31, 1991, which shall provide that anyone violating the provisions of subsection (b) shall be guilty of a felony.
(d) This restriction shall not apply to a trade in of another handgun.
History.—Am. C.S. for S.J.R. 43, 1989; adopted 1990.
SECTION 9.Due process.—No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense, or be compelled in any criminal matter to be a witness against oneself.
History.—Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 13, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
SECTION 10.Prohibited laws.—No bill of attainder, ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
SECTION 11.Imprisonment for debt.—No person shall be imprisoned for debt, except in cases of fraud.
SECTION 12.Searches and seizures.—The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and against the unreasonable interception of private communications by any means, shall not be violated. No warrant shall be issued except upon probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place or places to be searched, the person or persons, thing or things to be seized, the communication to be intercepted, and the nature of evidence to be obtained. This right shall be construed in conformity with the 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution, as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court. Articles or information obtained in violation of this right shall not be admissible in evidence if such articles or information would be inadmissible under decisions of the United States Supreme Court construing the 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
SECTION 13.Habeas corpus.—The writ of habeas corpus shall be grantable of right, freely and without cost. It shall be returnable without delay, and shall never be suspended unless, in case of rebellion or invasion, suspension is essential to the public safety.
Espn 3
SECTION 14.Pretrial release and detention.—Unless charged with a capital offense or an offense punishable by life imprisonment and the proof of guilt is evident or the presumption is great, every person charged with a crime or violation of municipal or county ordinance shall be entitled to pretrial release on reasonable conditions. If no conditions of release can reasonably protect the community from risk of physical harm to persons, assure the presence of the accused at trial, or assure the integrity of the judicial process, the accused may be detained.
SECTION 15.Prosecution for crime; offenses committed by children.—
(a) No person shall be tried for capital crime without presentment or indictment by a grand jury, or for other felony without such presentment or indictment or an information under oath filed by the prosecuting officer of the court, except persons on active duty in the militia when tried by courts martial.
(b) When authorized by law, a child as therein defined may be charged with a violation of law as an act of delinquency instead of crime and tried without a jury or other requirements applicable to criminal cases. Any child so charged shall, upon demand made as provided by law before a trial in a juvenile proceeding, be tried in an appropriate court as an adult. A child found delinquent shall be disciplined as provided by law.
SECTION 16.Rights of accused and of victims.—
(a) In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall, upon demand, be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, and shall be furnished a copy of the charges, and shall have the right to have compulsory process for witnesses, to confront at trial adverse witnesses, to be heard in person, by counsel or both, and to have a speedy and public trial by impartial jury in the county where the crime was committed. If the county is not known, the indictment or information may charge venue in two or more counties conjunctively and proof that the crime was committed in that area shall be sufficient; but before pleading the accused may elect in which of those counties the trial will take place. Venue for prosecution of crimes committed beyond the boundaries of the state shall be fixed by law.
(b) To preserve and protect the right of crime victims to achieve justice, ensure a meaningful role throughout the criminal and juvenile justice systems for crime victims, and ensure that crime victims’ rights and interests are respected and protected by law in a manner no less vigorous than protections afforded to criminal defendants and juvenile delinquents, every victim is entitled to the following rights, beginning at the time of his or her victimization:
(1) The right to due process and to be treated with fairness and respect for the victim’s dignity.
Sec
(2) The right to be free from intimidation, harassment, and abuse.
(3) The right, within the judicial process, to be reasonably protected from the accused and any person acting on behalf of the accused. However, nothing contained herein is intended to create a special relationship between the crime victim and any law enforcement agency or office absent a special relationship or duty as defined by Florida law.
(4) The right to have the safety and welfare of the victim and the victim’s family considered when setting bail, including setting pretrial release conditions that protect the safety and welfare of the victim and the victim’s family.
(5) The right to prevent the disclosure of information or records that could be used to locate or harass the victim or the victim’s family, or which could disclose confidential or privileged information of the victim.
(6) A victim shall have the following specific rights upon request:
a. The right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of, and to be present at, all public proceedings involving the criminal conduct, including, but not limited to, trial, plea, sentencing, or adjudication, even if the victim will be a witness at the proceeding, notwithstanding any rule to the contrary. A victim shall also be provided reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any release or escape of the defendant or delinquent, and any proceeding during which a right of the victim is implicated.
b. The right to be heard in any public proceeding involving pretrial or other release from any form of legal constraint, plea, sentencing, adjudication, or parole, and any proceeding during which a right of the victim is implicated.
c. The right to confer with the prosecuting attorney concerning any plea agreements, participation in pretrial diversion programs, release, restitution, sentencing, or any other disposition of the case.
d. The right to provide information regarding the impact of the offender’s conduct on the victim and the victim’s family to the individual responsible for conducting any presentence investigation or compiling any presentence investigation report, and to have any such information considered in any sentencing recommendations submitted to the court.
e. The right to receive a copy of any presentence report, and any other report or record relevant to the exercise of a victim’s right, except for such portions made confidential or exempt by law.
f. The right to be informed of the conviction, sentence, adjudication, place and time of incarceration, or other disposition of the convicted offender, any scheduled release date of the offender, and the release of or the escape of the offender from custody.
g. The right to be informed of all postconviction processes and procedures, to participate in such processes and procedures, to provide information to the release authority to be considered before any release decision is made, and to be notified of any release decision regarding the offender. The parole or early release authority shall extend the right to be heard to any person harmed by the offender.
h. The right to be informed of clemency and expungement procedures, to provide information to the governor, the court, any clemency board, and other authority in these procedures, and to have that information considered before a clemency or expungement decision is made; and to be notified of such decision in advance of any release of the offender.
(7) The rights of the victim, as provided in subparagraph (6)a., subparagraph (6)b., or subparagraph (6)c., that apply to any first appearance proceeding are satisfied by a reasonable attempt by the appropriate agency to notify the victim and convey the victim’s views to the court.
(8) The right to the prompt return of the victim’s property when no longer needed as evidence in the case.
(9) The right to full and timely restitution in every case and from each convicted offender for all losses suffered, both directly and indirectly, by the victim as a result of the criminal conduct.
(10) The right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay, and to a prompt and final conclusion of the case and any related postjudgment proceedings.
a. The state attorney may file a good faith demand for a speedy trial and the trial court shall hold a calendar call, with notice, within fifteen days of the filing demand, to schedule a trial to commence on a date at least five days but no more than sixty days after the date of the calendar call unless the trial judge enters an order with specific findings of fact justifying a trial date more than sixty days after the calendar call.
b. All state-level appeals and collateral attacks on any judgment must be complete within two years from the date of appeal in non-capital cases and within five years from the date of appeal in capital cases, unless a court enters an order with specific findings as to why the court was unable to comply with this subparagraph and the circumstances causing the delay. Each year, the chief judge of any district court of appeal or the chief justice of the supreme court shall report on a case-by-case basis to the speaker of the house of representatives and the president of the senate all cases where the court entered an order regarding inability to comply with this subparagraph. The legislature may enact legislation to implement this subparagraph.
(11) The right to be informed of these rights, and to be informed that victims can seek the advice of an attorney with respect to their rights. This information shall be made available to the general public and provided to all crime victims in the form of a card or by other means intended to effectively advise the victim of their rights under this section.
(c) The victim, the retained attorney of the victim, a lawful representative of the victim, or the office of the state attorney upon request of the victim, may assert and seek enforcement of the rights enumerated in this section and any other right afforded to a victim by law in any trial or appellate court, or before any other authority with jurisdiction over the case, as a matter of right. The court or other authority with jurisdiction shall act promptly on such a request, affording a remedy by due course of law for the violation of any right. The reasons for any decision regarding the disposition of a victim’s right shall be clearly stated on the record.

English Practice Sec 3 Day

(d) The granting of the rights enumerated in this section to victims may not be construed to deny or impair any other rights possessed by victims. The provisions of this section apply throughout criminal and juvenile justice processes, are self-executing, and do not require implementing legislation. This section may not be construed to create any cause of action for damages against the state or a political subdivision of the state, or any officer, employee, or agent of the state or its political subdivisions.
(e) As used in this section, a “victim” is a person who suffers direct or threatened physical, psychological, or financial harm as a result of the commission or attempted commission of a crime or delinquent act or against whom the crime or delinquent act is committed. The term “victim” includes the victim’s lawful representative, the parent or guardian of a minor, or the next of kin of a homicide victim, except upon a showing that the interest of such individual would be in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the victim. The term “victim” does not include the accused. The terms “crime” and “criminal” include delinquent acts and conduct.
History.—Am. S.J.R. 135, 1987; adopted 1988; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 13, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 1, 2018, filed with the Secretary of State May 9, 2018; adopted 2018.
SECTION 17.Excessive punishments.—Excessive fines, cruel and unusual punishment, attainder, forfeiture of estate, indefinite imprisonment, and unreasonable detention of witnesses are forbidden. The death penalty is an authorized punishment for capital crimes designated by the legislature. The prohibition against cruel or unusual punishment, and the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, shall be construed in conformity with decisions of the United States Supreme Court which interpret the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment provided in the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Any method of execution shall be allowed, unless prohibited by the United States Constitution. Methods of execution may be designated by the legislature, and a change in any method of execution may be applied retroactively. A sentence of death shall not be reduced on the basis that a method of execution is invalid. In any case in which an execution method is declared invalid, the death sentence shall remain in force until the sentence can be lawfully executed by any valid method. This section shall apply retroactively.
History.—Am. H.J.R. 3505, 1998; adopted 1998; Am. H.J.R. 951, 2001; adopted 2002.
SECTION 18.Administrative penalties.—No administrative agency, except the Department of Military Affairs in an appropriately convened court-martial action as provided by law, shall impose a sentence of imprisonment, nor shall it impose any other penalty except as provided by law.
History.—Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 13, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
SECTION 19.Costs.—No person charged with crime shall be compelled to pay costs before a judgment of conviction has become final.
SECTION 20.Treason.—Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort, and no person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court.
SECTION 21.Access to courts.—The courts shall be open to every person for redress of any injury, and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay.
SECTION 22.Trial by jury.—The right of trial by jury shall be secure to all and remain inviolate. The qualifications and the number of jurors, not fewer than six, shall be fixed by law.
SECTION 23.Right of privacy.—Every natural person has the right to be let alone and free from governmental intrusion into the person’s private life except as otherwise provided herein. This section shall not be construed to limit the public’s right of access to public records and meetings as provided by law.

Sec 3 Trigonometry

History.—Added, C.S. for H.J.R. 387, 1980; adopted 1980; Am. proposed by Constitution Revision Commission, Revision No. 13, 1998, filed with the Secretary of State May 5, 1998; adopted 1998.
SECTION 24.Access to public records and meetings.—
(a) Every person has the right to inspect or copy any public record made or received in connection with the official business of any public body, officer, or employee of the state, or persons acting on their behalf, except with respect to records exempted pursuant to this section or specifically made confidential by this Constitution. This section specifically includes the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and each agency or department created thereunder; counties, municipalities, and districts; and each constitutional officer, board, and commission, or entity created pursuant to law or this Constitution.

English Practice Sec 3 2

(b) All meetings of any collegial public body of the executive branch of state government or of any collegial public body of a county, municipality, school district, or special district, at which official acts are to be taken or at which public business of such body is to be transacted or discussed, shall be open and noticed to the public and meetings of the legislature shall be open and noticed as provided in Article III, Section 4(e), except with respect to meetings exempted pursuant to this section or specifically closed by this Constitution.
(c) This section shall be self-executing. The legislature, however, may provide by general law passed by a two-thirds vote of each house for the exemption of records from the requirements of subsection (a) and the exemption of meetings from the requirements of subsection (b), provided that such law shall state with specificity the public necessity justifying the exemption and shall be no broader than necessary to accomplish the stated purpose of the law. The legislature shall enact laws governing the enforcement of this section, including the maintenance, control, destruction, disposal, and disposition of records made public by this section, except that each house of the legislature may adopt rules governing the enforcement of this section in relation to records of the legislative branch. Laws enacted pursuant to this subsection shall contain only exemptions from the requirements of subsections (a) or (b) and provisions governing the enforcement of this section, and shall relate to one subject.
(d) All laws that are in effect on July 1, 1993 that limit public access to records or meetings shall remain in force, and such laws apply to records of the legislative and judicial branches, until they are repealed. Rules of court that are in effect on the date of adoption of this section that limit access to records shall remain in effect until they are repealed.
History.—Added, C.S. for C.S. for H.J.R.’s 1727, 863, 2035, 1992; adopted 1992; Am. S.J.R. 1284, 2002; adopted 2002.
1SECTION 25.Taxpayers’ Bill of Rights.—By general law the legislature shall prescribe and adopt a Taxpayers’ Bill of Rights that, in clear and concise language, sets forth taxpayers’ rights and responsibilities and government’s responsibilities to deal fairly with taxpayers under the laws of this state. This section shall be effective July 1, 1993.
History.—Proposed by Taxation and Budget Reform Commission, Revision No. 2, 1992, filed with the Secretary of State May 7, 1992; adopted 1992.
1Note.—This section, originally designated section 24 by Revision No. 2 of the Taxation and Budget Reform Commission, 1992, was redesignated section 25 by the editors in order to avoid confusion with section 24 as contained in H.J.R.’s 1727, 863, 2035, 1992.
SECTION 26.Claimant’s right to fair compensation.—
(a) Article I, Section 26 is created to read “Claimant’s right to fair compensation.” In any medical liability claim involving a contingency fee, the claimant is entitled to receive no less than 70% of the first $250,000.00 in all damages received by the claimant, exclusive of reasonable and customary costs, whether received by judgment, settlement, or otherwise, and regardless of the number of defendants. The claimant is entitled to 90% of all damages in excess of $250,000.00, exclusive of reasonable and customary costs and regardless of the number of defendants. This provision is self-executing and does not require implementing legislation.
(b) This Amendment shall take effect on the day following approval by the voters.
History.—Proposed by Initiative Petition filed with the Secretary of State September 8, 2003; adopted 2004.
SECTION 27.Marriage defined.—Inasmuch as marriage is the legal union of only one man and one woman as husband and wife, no other legal union that is treated as marriage or the substantial equivalent thereof shall be valid or recognized.
History.—Proposed by Initiative Petition filed with the Secretary of State February 9, 2005; adopted 2008.

Comments are closed.